Earth Systems and the Water Cycle
Learn the repeating processes behind weather and life support.
biosphere
the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere inhabited by living organisms
atmosphere
the envelope of gases surrounding the earth
geosphere
the solid parts of the Earth, including the rocks, minerals, and landforms
deposition
the process where water vapor changes directly into ice without becoming liquid
surface water
water found on the exterior of the Earth's crust, such as in streams, rivers, and lakes
sublimation
ice or snow changing directly into water vapor without melting
aquifer
underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water
hydrosphere
all the water found on, under, and above the surface of Earth
water table
the upper level of the underground zone of saturation
desalination
the process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable
transpiration
water vapor released into the air by plants
runoff
water flowing over the land surface into bodies of water
infiltration
water soaking into the ground from the surface
groundwater
water stored beneath Earth's surface in soil and rock
collection
process where water gathers in oceans, lakes, and rivers
precipitation
water falling from the atmosphere to Earth
condensation
water vapor cooling into liquid droplets
evaporation
liquid water changing into vapor